Arabic Maqam
Maqam Sikah on guitar
Also written Sīkāh, Seekah, Segâh
The principal maqam of the Sikah family. Its tonic is itself a quarter tone, E half-flat, so the home note of the maqam is not on any fret: Jins Sikah sits there, with Upper Rast on the third degree and Rast on the sixth.
- Tonic: E half-flat
- Ghammaz: G
The tonic itself, E half-flat, is not on any fret: the home note of this maqam lies between two frets.
Tonic Ghammaz Between the frets Tap any note to hear it at its exact pitch.
The notes, one by one
Steps are counted in equal quarter tones of 50 cents, the usual written convention for Arabic maqam. Real intonation shifts with region, maqam and player. Pitches are given in cents above the tonic; a fretted semitone is 100 cents.
| # | Note | Above the tonic | On a standard guitar |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | E half-flat Tonic | 0.0¢ | Fret E♭, bend up 50¢ |
| 2 | F | 150.0¢ | On the fret |
| 3 | G Ghammaz | 350.0¢ | On the fret |
| 4 | A | 550.0¢ | On the fret |
| 5 | B half-flat | 700.0¢ | Fret B♭, bend up 50¢ |
| 6 | C | 850.0¢ | On the fret |
| 7 | D | 1050.0¢ | On the fret |
Ajnas
A maqam is built from small units of three to five notes, each with its own colour. These are the units of Maqam Sikah.
-
Jins Sikah
On E half-flat, 3 notes
E half-flat · F · G
-
Jins Upper Rast
On G, 4 notes
G · A · B half-flat · C
-
Jins Rast
On C, 5 notes
C · D · E half-flat · F · G
Sayr
Jins Sikah on the tonic, Upper Rast from the ghammaz, G, then Jins Rast on C, which carries on past the octave.
- Jins Sikah, three notes wide, establishes the maqam around the tonic, E half-flat.
- At the ghammaz, G, the melody passes into Jins Upper Rast, which leans up to C.
- On C a Jins Rast takes over; C is a second ghammaz, and this jins holds the octave of the tonic as its third note.
Example phrase
Climbs Jins Sikah to rest on the ghammaz, G, goes up through Upper Rast to C, comes back down, and settles on the tonic after touching the D below it.
A short outline written for Fretwise that follows the sayr above. It is not a quotation from the repertoire. Press “Play the phrase” on the neck to hear it.
Sources
Tuning convention: 24-tone equal temperament. Intervals are written as in the source; practice varies by region and player.
How to play maqam on a standard guitar: when to bend, when to use the nearest fret
Fretwise · Free on iPhone & Android
Practise Maqam Sikah anywhere, even offline.
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