Turkish Makam
Makam Hümâyun on guitar
Also written Hümâyun Makamı, Humayun
A Hicaz tetrachord on Dügâh with a Buselik pentachord on Neva. It is the member of the Hicaz family with the low sixth, Acem, where Hicaz itself has Eviç; on a guitar it is the shape most players know as the Hijaz scale.
- Karar: Dügâh (A)
- Güçlü: Neva (D)
- Seyir: inici-çıkıcı
Karar Güçlü Between the frets Tap any note to hear it at its exact pitch.
The notes, one by one
Intervals are counted in Holdrian commas, 53 to the octave (about 22.6 cents each), as in Arel-Ezgi-Uzdilek theory. Performance practice differs from the theory in places. Pitches are given in cents above the karar; a fretted semitone is 100 cents.
| # | Note | Perde | Above the karar | On a standard guitar |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A Karar | Dügâh | 0.0¢ | On the fret |
| 2 | B♭ +13¢ | Dik Kürdî | 113.2¢ | Nearest fret; the real pitch is 13¢ higher |
| 3 | C# −15¢ | Nim Hicaz | 384.9¢ | Nearest fret; the real pitch is 15¢ lower |
| 4 | D Güçlü | Neva | 498.1¢ | On the fret |
| 5 | E | Hüseynî | 701.9¢ | On the fret |
| 6 | F | Acem | 792.5¢ | On the fret |
| 7 | G | Gerdaniye | 996.2¢ | On the fret |
Çeşniler
A makam is built from small units of three to five notes, each with its own colour. These are the units of Makam Hümâyun.
-
Hicaz dörtlüsü
On Dügâh (A), 4 notes
A · B♭ +13¢ · C# −15¢ · D
-
Buselik beşlisi
On Neva (D), 5 notes
D · E · F · G · A
Seyir
Descending-ascending (inici-çıkıcı), sometimes ascending: it starts around the karar or the güçlü.
- Begins around the karar or around the güçlü, Neva.
- Moves freely through the flavours of the scale and makes a half cadence on Neva with the Buselik flavour.
- Closes on Dügâh with the Hicaz flavour.
Asma kararlar
- Rast: Nikriz
- Nim Hicaz: a plain stop, no flavour
- Dik Kürdî: a plain stop, no flavour
Example phrase
Starts on the güçlü, Neva, and falls through the Hicaz tetrachord to the karar, climbs back to a half cadence on Neva, shows the Buselik flavour above it with Acem, and closes on Dügâh from Rast below.
A short outline written for Fretwise that follows the seyir above. It is not a quotation from the repertoire. Press “Play the phrase” on the neck to hear it.
Sources
- Hümâyun (TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, vol. 18) · İsmail Hakkı Özkan · 1998
Tuning convention: Arel-Ezgi-Uzdilek. Intervals are written as in the source; practice varies by region and player.
How to play maqam on a standard guitar: when to bend, when to use the nearest fret
Fretwise · Free on iPhone & Android
Practise Makam Hümâyun anywhere, even offline.
This page is a small slice of Fretwise. The app adds practice: exercises that play as tab, a new routine every day, and the tools to tune and keep time. On iPhone, iPad and Android, no sign-up.
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- 65 scales and 56 chord types in every key, with CAGED shapes
- A tuner with 10 tunings and a metronome from 30 to 260 BPM
- A new Daily 15 routine every day, plus free exercises
- Maqam & makam between the frets, and the Name the Note quiz
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- 282 exercises that play as tab, and routines with a speed trainer
- Chord & Scale Finder: tap the neck, get the name
- Theory Lab and the Progression Builder with 51 genre loops
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